Dépouillements

Linking Teaching and Research in Conservation of the Built Environment: Case Studies from Courses of the University of Cyprus Graduate Programme on Conservation / Maria Philokyprou in Studies in conservation, Vol.70 N°5-6(2025; July-August) (2025-07-01)  

Public ISBD [article]  inStudies in conservation > Vol.70 N°5-6(2025; July-August) (2025-07-01) . - P. 343-357 Titre : Linking Teaching and Research in Conservation of the Built Environment: Case Studies from Courses of the University of Cyprus Graduate Programme on Conservation Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Maria Philokyprou (19..-....), Auteur Année de publication : 2025 Article en page(s) : P. 343-357 Note générale : Fig. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Architecture -- Conservation et restauration -- Étude et enseignement Architecture -- Conservation et restauration -- Méthodologie Architecture -- Conservation et restauration -- Recherche Université de Chypre -- Recherche Index. décimale : 7.025 Dommages. Conservation. Protection Résumé : Teaching and research are both equally essential to postgraduate studies in architectural conservation. The interaction between them is also crucial. Various perspectives exist on the connection between teaching and research, including research-led, research-oriented, and research-based teaching. Thus, differences arise based on whether the focus is on research content or on research processes and problems, whether students are treated as audiences or as participants, and whether teaching is teacher- or student-centred. This article presents case studies (courses) that link teaching and research from a new interdisciplinary postgraduate programme at the University of Cyprus on architectural conservation. It also discusses this issue within the international context of teaching and research in architectural conservation. Note de contenu : ABSTRACT Introduction Situation today Methodology Description of four case studies Discussion and conclusion Disclosure statement References En ligne : https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00393630.2024.2382543 [article] Linking Teaching and Research in Conservation of the Built Environment: Case Studies from Courses of the University of Cyprus Graduate Programme on Conservation [texte imprimé] / Maria Philokyprou (19..-....), Auteur . - 2025 . - P. 343-357. Fig. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Studies in conservation > Vol.70 N°5-6(2025; July-August) (2025-07-01) . - P. 343-357 Catégories : Architecture -- Conservation et restauration -- Étude et enseignement Architecture -- Conservation et restauration -- Méthodologie Architecture -- Conservation et restauration -- Recherche Université de Chypre -- Recherche Index. décimale : 7.025 Dommages. Conservation. Protection Résumé : Teaching and research are both equally essential to postgraduate studies in architectural conservation. The interaction between them is also crucial. Various perspectives exist on the connection between teaching and research, including research-led, research-oriented, and research-based teaching. Thus, differences arise based on whether the focus is on research content or on research processes and problems, whether students are treated as audiences or as participants, and whether teaching is teacher- or student-centred. This article presents case studies (courses) that link teaching and research from a new interdisciplinary postgraduate programme at the University of Cyprus on architectural conservation. It also discusses this issue within the international context of teaching and research in architectural conservation. Note de contenu : ABSTRACT Introduction Situation today Methodology Description of four case studies Discussion and conclusion Disclosure statement References En ligne : https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00393630.2024.2382543

Consolidating Lime Mortar with Nanolime : The Effect of the Ethanol:Water Ratio / Eva Busschots in Studies in conservation, Vol.70 N°5-6(2025; July-August) (2025-07-01)  

Public ISBD [article]  inStudies in conservation > Vol.70 N°5-6(2025; July-August) (2025-07-01) . - P. 358-366 Titre : Consolidating Lime Mortar with Nanolime : The Effect of the Ethanol:Water Ratio Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Eva Busschots (19..-....), Auteur ; [Et al.], Auteur Année de publication : 2025 Article en page(s) : P. 358-366 Note générale : Fig. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Alcool Matériaux -- Conservation et restauration -- Recherche -- 21e siècle Nanociment -- Essais Peinture et décoration murales -- Conservation et restauration Résistance des matériaux Solvants -- Essais Index. décimale : 7.025 Dommages. Conservation. Protection Résumé : ABSTRACT Over the last twenty years, more research has been conducted on the application of nanolime as a consolidant. However, a limitation in consolidation with nanolime is the back-migration of the product to the absorption surface during the drying phase, resulting in insufficient product deposition in depth. In this paper, a solvent composition is adapted to the substrate properties to examine the theory that a nanolime with low kinetic stability should be applied to prevent back-migration to the absorption surface for a substrate with large pore size. The common solvent composition of 100% ethanol has a kinetic stability considered too high. Nanolime dispersions (CaLoSiL® E 20 g/L) with different ethanol:water (100:0, 95:5, 90:10, 80:20) ratios were tested on lime mortar samples. The treated samples were subjected to several test methods to evaluate the effectiveness of the consolidation treatment. After comparing the results, the theoretical propositions were substantiated: a back-migration was noticeable in samples treated with the nanolime containing 100% ethanol, while no back-migration was observed in the other solvent compositions. Samples treated with a nanolime dispersion with the addition of 10% deionised water showed promising results regarding mechanical strength, product deposition over the entire depth profile of the sample, and porosity properties. En ligne : https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00393630.2024.2390271?scroll=top&ne [...] [article] Consolidating Lime Mortar with Nanolime : The Effect of the Ethanol:Water Ratio [texte imprimé] / Eva Busschots (19..-....), Auteur ; [Et al.], Auteur . - 2025 . - P. 358-366. Fig. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Studies in conservation > Vol.70 N°5-6(2025; July-August) (2025-07-01) . - P. 358-366 Catégories : Alcool Matériaux -- Conservation et restauration -- Recherche -- 21e siècle Nanociment -- Essais Peinture et décoration murales -- Conservation et restauration Résistance des matériaux Solvants -- Essais Index. décimale : 7.025 Dommages. Conservation. Protection Résumé : ABSTRACT Over the last twenty years, more research has been conducted on the application of nanolime as a consolidant. However, a limitation in consolidation with nanolime is the back-migration of the product to the absorption surface during the drying phase, resulting in insufficient product deposition in depth. In this paper, a solvent composition is adapted to the substrate properties to examine the theory that a nanolime with low kinetic stability should be applied to prevent back-migration to the absorption surface for a substrate with large pore size. The common solvent composition of 100% ethanol has a kinetic stability considered too high. Nanolime dispersions (CaLoSiL® E 20 g/L) with different ethanol:water (100:0, 95:5, 90:10, 80:20) ratios were tested on lime mortar samples. The treated samples were subjected to several test methods to evaluate the effectiveness of the consolidation treatment. After comparing the results, the theoretical propositions were substantiated: a back-migration was noticeable in samples treated with the nanolime containing 100% ethanol, while no back-migration was observed in the other solvent compositions. Samples treated with a nanolime dispersion with the addition of 10% deionised water showed promising results regarding mechanical strength, product deposition over the entire depth profile of the sample, and porosity properties. En ligne : https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00393630.2024.2390271?scroll=top&ne [...]

Manufacturing Techniques of the Mortar Excavated from the Tieguai Tomb of the Northern Song Dynasty in Nanling, Southern China / Yingxue Gong in Studies in conservation, Vol.70 N°5-6(2025; July-August) (2025-07-01)  

Public ISBD [article]  inStudies in conservation > Vol.70 N°5-6(2025; July-August) (2025-07-01) . - P. 367-374 Titre : Manufacturing Techniques of the Mortar Excavated from the Tieguai Tomb of the Northern Song Dynasty in Nanling, Southern China Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Yingxue Gong (19..-....), Auteur ; [Et al.], Auteur Année de publication : 2025 Article en page(s) : P. 367-374 Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Construction -- Matériaux -- Chine -- Antiquité Fourier, Spectroscopie infrarouge à transformée de Mortier -- Chine -- Antiquité -- Conservation et restauration Pétrologie en archéologie Produits du riz -- Dans l'art -- Chine -- Antiquité Rayons X -- Diffraction Spectroscopie de fluorescence Tombes -- Chine -- 960-1279 (Dynastie des Song) -- Conservation et restauration Index. décimale : 7.025 Dommages. Conservation. Protection Résumé : Glutinous rice mortar is a traditional lime-based building material which was first used in China during the Southern Song Dynasty (1127-1279 CE) according to ancient Chinese documents. The Tieguai Tomb, dating back to the late Northern Song Dynasty (960-1127 CE) in Nanling, Southern China, was built by using mortar for its tomb chamber, making it the earliest mortar tomb found in China to date. In this study, X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thin-section petrography, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and starch grain analyses were conducted to comprehensively investigate the manufacturing techniques of the mortar from the Tieguai tomb. The results show that the mortar is a type of organic–inorganic mixed material made of glutinous rice pulp, lime, clay, and fine sand. This finding indicates that glutinous rice mortar had already been used as a building material as early as the late Northern Song Dynasty, which is the earliest use record for this material in China. This study also provides direct scientific evidence for exploring the origin of glutinous rice mortar and is of great importance for reconstructing the history of Chinese traditional building materials and architectural techniques. En ligne : https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00393630.2024.2393052 [article] Manufacturing Techniques of the Mortar Excavated from the Tieguai Tomb of the Northern Song Dynasty in Nanling, Southern China [texte imprimé] / Yingxue Gong (19..-....), Auteur ; [Et al.], Auteur . - 2025 . - P. 367-374. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Studies in conservation > Vol.70 N°5-6(2025; July-August) (2025-07-01) . - P. 367-374 Catégories : Construction -- Matériaux -- Chine -- Antiquité Fourier, Spectroscopie infrarouge à transformée de Mortier -- Chine -- Antiquité -- Conservation et restauration Pétrologie en archéologie Produits du riz -- Dans l'art -- Chine -- Antiquité Rayons X -- Diffraction Spectroscopie de fluorescence Tombes -- Chine -- 960-1279 (Dynastie des Song) -- Conservation et restauration Index. décimale : 7.025 Dommages. Conservation. Protection Résumé : Glutinous rice mortar is a traditional lime-based building material which was first used in China during the Southern Song Dynasty (1127-1279 CE) according to ancient Chinese documents. The Tieguai Tomb, dating back to the late Northern Song Dynasty (960-1127 CE) in Nanling, Southern China, was built by using mortar for its tomb chamber, making it the earliest mortar tomb found in China to date. In this study, X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thin-section petrography, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and starch grain analyses were conducted to comprehensively investigate the manufacturing techniques of the mortar from the Tieguai tomb. The results show that the mortar is a type of organic–inorganic mixed material made of glutinous rice pulp, lime, clay, and fine sand. This finding indicates that glutinous rice mortar had already been used as a building material as early as the late Northern Song Dynasty, which is the earliest use record for this material in China. This study also provides direct scientific evidence for exploring the origin of glutinous rice mortar and is of great importance for reconstructing the history of Chinese traditional building materials and architectural techniques. En ligne : https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00393630.2024.2393052

Comparison of Color Changes in Paints Based on Ultramarine and Zinc White Resulting from Storage and Thermally Induced Aging / Irina A. Balakhnina in Studies in conservation, Vol.70 N°5-6(2025; July-August) (2025-07-01)  

Public ISBD [article]  inStudies in conservation > Vol.70 N°5-6(2025; July-August) (2025-07-01) . - P. 375-385 Titre : Comparison of Color Changes in Paints Based on Ultramarine and Zinc White Resulting from Storage and Thermally Induced Aging Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Irina A. Balakhnina (19..-....), Auteur ; [Et al.], Auteur Année de publication : 2025 Article en page(s) : P. 375-385 Note générale : Fig., tab. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Colorimétrie -- Essais Liants -- Analyse Outremer (couleur) Oxyde de zinc Peinture à l'huile -- Conservation et restauration Index. décimale : 7.025 Dommages. Conservation. Protection Résumé : ABSTRACT The paper presents the results of measurements of the L*, a*, and b* color coordinates in the CIEL*a*b*76 (D65/10) space of paint layers of zinc white and ultramarine with several primers and binders. The coordinates are measured for naturally aged reference samples and test samples that underwent two thermal shocks. The color differences of samples obtained using three binders and three primers are quantitatively characterized. It is shown that thermally induced changes in the L* coordinate, as distinct from the a* and b* coordinates, are significantly greater than the changes predicted by the artificial aging protocol. However, during subsequent storage, L* partially relaxes to its original values, and the resulting changes in this coordinate can be considered insignificant. The relaxation effect is also characteristic of the a* and b* coordinates for most samples. Specific results are obtained for paint layers with resin-containing binder on glue–chalk primers. When zinc white is used, such samples have greater L* coordinate and smaller b* coordinate, i.e. appear to be lighter and less yellow in comparison with the remaining samples. When ultramarine is used as a pigment, the resin-containing binder and glue–chalk primers provide the maximum depth of blue color (minimum b* value), which remains almost unchanged with aging. However, the crimson hue characteristic of such samples (greater value of the a* coordinate) is intensified due to heating. The results show that two thermal effects on paint layers separated in time can lead to opposite changes in color coordinates. En ligne : https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00393630.2024.2393049 [article] Comparison of Color Changes in Paints Based on Ultramarine and Zinc White Resulting from Storage and Thermally Induced Aging [texte imprimé] / Irina A. Balakhnina (19..-....), Auteur ; [Et al.], Auteur . - 2025 . - P. 375-385. Fig., tab. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Studies in conservation > Vol.70 N°5-6(2025; July-August) (2025-07-01) . - P. 375-385 Catégories : Colorimétrie -- Essais Liants -- Analyse Outremer (couleur) Oxyde de zinc Peinture à l'huile -- Conservation et restauration Index. décimale : 7.025 Dommages. Conservation. Protection Résumé : ABSTRACT The paper presents the results of measurements of the L*, a*, and b* color coordinates in the CIEL*a*b*76 (D65/10) space of paint layers of zinc white and ultramarine with several primers and binders. The coordinates are measured for naturally aged reference samples and test samples that underwent two thermal shocks. The color differences of samples obtained using three binders and three primers are quantitatively characterized. It is shown that thermally induced changes in the L* coordinate, as distinct from the a* and b* coordinates, are significantly greater than the changes predicted by the artificial aging protocol. However, during subsequent storage, L* partially relaxes to its original values, and the resulting changes in this coordinate can be considered insignificant. The relaxation effect is also characteristic of the a* and b* coordinates for most samples. Specific results are obtained for paint layers with resin-containing binder on glue–chalk primers. When zinc white is used, such samples have greater L* coordinate and smaller b* coordinate, i.e. appear to be lighter and less yellow in comparison with the remaining samples. When ultramarine is used as a pigment, the resin-containing binder and glue–chalk primers provide the maximum depth of blue color (minimum b* value), which remains almost unchanged with aging. However, the crimson hue characteristic of such samples (greater value of the a* coordinate) is intensified due to heating. The results show that two thermal effects on paint layers separated in time can lead to opposite changes in color coordinates. En ligne : https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00393630.2024.2393049

A Comparative Study of Bond Strength, Reversibility, and Projected Long-Term Durability of Lining Techniques for the Structural Stabilisation of Canvas Paintings / Nikita Shah in Studies in conservation, Vol.70 N°5-6(2025; July-August) (2025-07-01)

Public ISBD [article]  inStudies in conservation > Vol.70 N°5-6(2025; July-August) (2025-07-01) . - P. 386-403 Titre : A Comparative Study of Bond Strength, Reversibility, and Projected Long-Term Durability of Lining Techniques for the Structural Stabilisation of Canvas Paintings Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Nikita Shah (19..-....), Auteur ; [Et al.], Auteur Année de publication : 2025 Article en page(s) : P. 386-403 Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Adhésifs -- Conservation et restauration -- Analyse Adhésifs -- Conservation et restauration -- Essais Peinture sur toile -- Conservation et restauration Support (peinture) -- Conservation et restauration Index. décimale : 7.025 Dommages. Conservation. Protection Résumé : ABSTRACT : Lining techniques for the treatment of structurally damaged canvas paintings have been in use since at least the seventeenth century, with on-going invention, development, and refinement. These systems can be categorised based on their adhesive component – natural or synthetic – or by their application procedure, such as water-based, hot-melt, cold-lining, nap-bond lining, or mist-lining. The choice of lining system is often influenced by geographical practice and individual expertise rather than purely material-technical considerations, as comprehensive data for benchmarking different systems is limited in both literature and practice. This paper aims to address this gap in knowledge by comparing various lining adhesives and their application techniques. The adhesives under examination include glue-paste, wax-resin, BEVA® 371, Plextol® B500, and Dispersion K360:Plextol® D512. Mock-linings were designed to reduce variables and ensure standardisation. Previously reported recipes and descriptions of studio application techniques were used where possible to create the mock-linings. These were subsequently subjected to stress/strain through exposure to cyclic fluctuations in relative humidity (RH) and temperature (T) to simulate mechanical-physical ageing. Both unaged and aged samples underwent lap-shear and T-peel tests according to ASTM standards, as reported in earlier studies. The data presented here can assist conservators and scientists in establishing requirements and making informed decisions tailored to the specific needs of each painting. Results indicate that each lining technique has its own limitations, and the suitability of a given technique will depend on the type of treatment necessary for stabilising individual paintings. [article] A Comparative Study of Bond Strength, Reversibility, and Projected Long-Term Durability of Lining Techniques for the Structural Stabilisation of Canvas Paintings [texte imprimé] / Nikita Shah (19..-....), Auteur ; [Et al.], Auteur . - 2025 . - P. 386-403. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Studies in conservation > Vol.70 N°5-6(2025; July-August) (2025-07-01) . - P. 386-403 Catégories : Adhésifs -- Conservation et restauration -- Analyse Adhésifs -- Conservation et restauration -- Essais Peinture sur toile -- Conservation et restauration Support (peinture) -- Conservation et restauration Index. décimale : 7.025 Dommages. Conservation. Protection Résumé : ABSTRACT : Lining techniques for the treatment of structurally damaged canvas paintings have been in use since at least the seventeenth century, with on-going invention, development, and refinement. These systems can be categorised based on their adhesive component – natural or synthetic – or by their application procedure, such as water-based, hot-melt, cold-lining, nap-bond lining, or mist-lining. The choice of lining system is often influenced by geographical practice and individual expertise rather than purely material-technical considerations, as comprehensive data for benchmarking different systems is limited in both literature and practice. This paper aims to address this gap in knowledge by comparing various lining adhesives and their application techniques. The adhesives under examination include glue-paste, wax-resin, BEVA® 371, Plextol® B500, and Dispersion K360:Plextol® D512. Mock-linings were designed to reduce variables and ensure standardisation. Previously reported recipes and descriptions of studio application techniques were used where possible to create the mock-linings. These were subsequently subjected to stress/strain through exposure to cyclic fluctuations in relative humidity (RH) and temperature (T) to simulate mechanical-physical ageing. Both unaged and aged samples underwent lap-shear and T-peel tests according to ASTM standards, as reported in earlier studies. The data presented here can assist conservators and scientists in establishing requirements and making informed decisions tailored to the specific needs of each painting. Results indicate that each lining technique has its own limitations, and the suitability of a given technique will depend on the type of treatment necessary for stabilising individual paintings.

A Cultural Threat : Gastrallus pubens Fairmaire (Coleoptera, Ptinidae) and Biodeterioration of Rare Books in Italy / Enzo Peri in Studies in conservation, Vol.70 N°5-6(2025; July-August) (2025-07-01)  

Public ISBD [article]  inStudies in conservation > Vol.70 N°5-6(2025; July-August) (2025-07-01) . - P. 404-416 Titre : A Cultural Threat : Gastrallus pubens Fairmaire (Coleoptera, Ptinidae) and Biodeterioration of Rare Books in Italy Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Enzo Peri (19..-....), Auteur ; [Et al.], Auteur Année de publication : 2025 Article en page(s) : P. 404-416 Note générale : Fig. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Documentation de bibliothèque -- Conservation et restauration Insectes nuisibles -- Identification -- Bibliothèques Insectes nuisibles -- Lutte contre -- Bibliothèques Livres -- Mutilation, dégradation, etc. Livres rares -- Biodégradation -- Italie -- Études de cas Index. décimale : 7.025 Dommages. Conservation. Protection Résumé : Abstract : Libraries often face biodeterioration caused by various biological agents, particularly fungi and insects, which harm their collections. The beetle Gastrallus pubens Fairmaire 1875 (Coleoptera: Ptinidae), once infrequently documented within European libraries, is recently emerging as a significant menace to the preservation of rare books. In this study, a G. pubens infestation occurring in an historical library hosting a unique collection of rare books dating between the sixteenth and eighteenth century is described. The observations highlighted a serious attack as many of the books showed damages with deep galleries burrowed by larval activity and holes determined by the emergence of adults. In this work we provide illustrations for the identification of adult G. pubens adults’ and further observations on the morphology of this species. High-resolution photographs in this study complement detailed morphological descriptions, aiding in accurate species identification and can serve as a practical tool for researchers, curators, and conservators. Finally, we discuss the implementation of integrated pest management (IPM) procedures, recommended to the library curator, aimed at controlling biotic infestations to mitigate G. pubens damage. En ligne : https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00393630.2024.2398951 [article] A Cultural Threat : Gastrallus pubens Fairmaire (Coleoptera, Ptinidae) and Biodeterioration of Rare Books in Italy [texte imprimé] / Enzo Peri (19..-....), Auteur ; [Et al.], Auteur . - 2025 . - P. 404-416. Fig. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Studies in conservation > Vol.70 N°5-6(2025; July-August) (2025-07-01) . - P. 404-416 Catégories : Documentation de bibliothèque -- Conservation et restauration Insectes nuisibles -- Identification -- Bibliothèques Insectes nuisibles -- Lutte contre -- Bibliothèques Livres -- Mutilation, dégradation, etc. Livres rares -- Biodégradation -- Italie -- Études de cas Index. décimale : 7.025 Dommages. Conservation. Protection Résumé : Abstract : Libraries often face biodeterioration caused by various biological agents, particularly fungi and insects, which harm their collections. The beetle Gastrallus pubens Fairmaire 1875 (Coleoptera: Ptinidae), once infrequently documented within European libraries, is recently emerging as a significant menace to the preservation of rare books. In this study, a G. pubens infestation occurring in an historical library hosting a unique collection of rare books dating between the sixteenth and eighteenth century is described. The observations highlighted a serious attack as many of the books showed damages with deep galleries burrowed by larval activity and holes determined by the emergence of adults. In this work we provide illustrations for the identification of adult G. pubens adults’ and further observations on the morphology of this species. High-resolution photographs in this study complement detailed morphological descriptions, aiding in accurate species identification and can serve as a practical tool for researchers, curators, and conservators. Finally, we discuss the implementation of integrated pest management (IPM) procedures, recommended to the library curator, aimed at controlling biotic infestations to mitigate G. pubens damage. En ligne : https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00393630.2024.2398951

Magnets in Conservation of Easel Paintings : Mechanical Forces between Magnets and a Thin Paint Layer / Zuzanna Szozda in Studies in conservation, Vol.70 N°5-6(2025; July-August) (2025-07-01)  

Public ISBD [article]  inStudies in conservation > Vol.70 N°5-6(2025; July-August) (2025-07-01) . - P. 417-437 Titre : Magnets in Conservation of Easel Paintings : Mechanical Forces between Magnets and a Thin Paint Layer Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Zuzanna Szozda (19..-....), Auteur ; Stan Zurek (19..-....), Auteur Année de publication : 2025 Article en page(s) : P. 417-437 Note générale : Fig., tabl. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Aimants -- Physique -- Recherche Contraintes (mécanique) Déformations (mécanique) -- Recherche Matériaux -- Propriétés magnétiques Peinture -- Conservation et restauration Index. décimale : 7.025 Dommages. Conservation. Protection Résumé : Abstract : This paper discusses the mechanical interactions between a magnet and a thin paint layer situated on a non-magnetic substrate, for example, to correct painting deformations or to fix pictorial layers. Crucial to calculating the attraction force F is knowing the magnetic susceptibility χ in the paint layer center XC and also the gradient dH/dx across the paint (calculated from magnetic fields H on both sides XS and XE of the layer). However, the susceptibility χ depends on the magnetic field H which is a function of the distance from the magnet’s pole: χ = f(H(XC)). It should be noted that as the magnet approaches the paint layer, the value of the field H(x) increases, but the susceptibility of the substance χ(H(x)) decreases. Analytical formulas and practical calculation schemes for mechanical forces in the discussed magnetic systems are presented in detail. As a result of the undertaken work, interactive on-line calculators for calculating magnetic fields and forces were developed and made available online. Reliable estimation of mechanical forces due to magnets, as presented here, allows for more controlled and reproducible conservation results. Therefore, the principle of minimal intervention and reversibility can be attained repeatably with greater ease, laying the groundwork for improved protocols. En ligne : https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00393630.2024.2429342 [article] Magnets in Conservation of Easel Paintings : Mechanical Forces between Magnets and a Thin Paint Layer [texte imprimé] / Zuzanna Szozda (19..-....), Auteur ; Stan Zurek (19..-....), Auteur . - 2025 . - P. 417-437. Fig., tabl. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Studies in conservation > Vol.70 N°5-6(2025; July-August) (2025-07-01) . - P. 417-437 Catégories : Aimants -- Physique -- Recherche Contraintes (mécanique) Déformations (mécanique) -- Recherche Matériaux -- Propriétés magnétiques Peinture -- Conservation et restauration Index. décimale : 7.025 Dommages. Conservation. Protection Résumé : Abstract : This paper discusses the mechanical interactions between a magnet and a thin paint layer situated on a non-magnetic substrate, for example, to correct painting deformations or to fix pictorial layers. Crucial to calculating the attraction force F is knowing the magnetic susceptibility χ in the paint layer center XC and also the gradient dH/dx across the paint (calculated from magnetic fields H on both sides XS and XE of the layer). However, the susceptibility χ depends on the magnetic field H which is a function of the distance from the magnet’s pole: χ = f(H(XC)). It should be noted that as the magnet approaches the paint layer, the value of the field H(x) increases, but the susceptibility of the substance χ(H(x)) decreases. Analytical formulas and practical calculation schemes for mechanical forces in the discussed magnetic systems are presented in detail. As a result of the undertaken work, interactive on-line calculators for calculating magnetic fields and forces were developed and made available online. Reliable estimation of mechanical forces due to magnets, as presented here, allows for more controlled and reproducible conservation results. Therefore, the principle of minimal intervention and reversibility can be attained repeatably with greater ease, laying the groundwork for improved protocols. En ligne : https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00393630.2024.2429342

Assessing Engineering Art Heritage: Historical Lifting Devices in Poland / Katarzyna Pietrzak-Król in Studies in conservation, Vol.70 N°5-6(2025; July-August) (2025-07-01)  

Public ISBD [article]  inStudies in conservation > Vol.70 N°5-6(2025; July-August) (2025-07-01) . - P. 438-457 Titre : Assessing Engineering Art Heritage: Historical Lifting Devices in Poland Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Katarzyna Pietrzak-Król (19..-....), Auteur Année de publication : 2025 Article en page(s) : P. 438-457 Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Ascenseurs et monte-charge -- 20e siècle -- Photographie Ascenseurs et monte-charge -- Conservation et restauration Patrimoine industriel -- Conservation et restauration -- Recherche -- Pologne Patrimoine industriel -- Évaluation -- Méthodologie -- 21e siècle Index. décimale : 7.025 Dommages. Conservation. Protection Résumé : Technical heritage, such as machinery, requires a different perspective than traditionally understood works of art. To protect the most valuable of them, heritage conservation offices need to find an answer to questions such as which ones should be protected, why these precisely, and to what extent? A procedure designed to assist heritage conservation authorities in making informed decisions and which serves to rationalize the conservation decision is the valuation of monuments. The analysis of the methods presented in the literature shows that there is still a need to address the issues related to engineering heritage, particularly devices, machines, and vehicles, whose conservation should encompass operational methods and operational properties. The research here aimed to develop the method of valuing historical lifting equipment, objectivize the assessment of heritage value represented by the examined devices, and research the possibility of their universalization to protect the heritage of engineering art. Note de contenu : Fig., tab. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1080/00393630.2024.2435714 [article] Assessing Engineering Art Heritage: Historical Lifting Devices in Poland [texte imprimé] / Katarzyna Pietrzak-Król (19..-....), Auteur . - 2025 . - P. 438-457. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Studies in conservation > Vol.70 N°5-6(2025; July-August) (2025-07-01) . - P. 438-457 Catégories : Ascenseurs et monte-charge -- 20e siècle -- Photographie Ascenseurs et monte-charge -- Conservation et restauration Patrimoine industriel -- Conservation et restauration -- Recherche -- Pologne Patrimoine industriel -- Évaluation -- Méthodologie -- 21e siècle Index. décimale : 7.025 Dommages. Conservation. Protection Résumé : Technical heritage, such as machinery, requires a different perspective than traditionally understood works of art. To protect the most valuable of them, heritage conservation offices need to find an answer to questions such as which ones should be protected, why these precisely, and to what extent? A procedure designed to assist heritage conservation authorities in making informed decisions and which serves to rationalize the conservation decision is the valuation of monuments. The analysis of the methods presented in the literature shows that there is still a need to address the issues related to engineering heritage, particularly devices, machines, and vehicles, whose conservation should encompass operational methods and operational properties. The research here aimed to develop the method of valuing historical lifting equipment, objectivize the assessment of heritage value represented by the examined devices, and research the possibility of their universalization to protect the heritage of engineering art. Note de contenu : Fig., tab. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1080/00393630.2024.2435714

Technical Study and Re-treatment of a Renaissance Statue of Mars Forming Part of the Decoration of the Bučovice Château in Southern Moravia / Peter Majoroš in Studies in conservation, Vol.70 N°5-6(2025; July-August) (2025-07-01)  

Public ISBD [article]  inStudies in conservation > Vol.70 N°5-6(2025; July-August) (2025-07-01) . - P. 459-476 Titre : Technical Study and Re-treatment of a Renaissance Statue of Mars Forming Part of the Decoration of the Bučovice Château in Southern Moravia Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Peter Majoroš (19..-....), Auteur ; Jakub Ďoubal (1979-....), Auteur ; Renata Tišlová (1979-....), Auteur Année de publication : 2025 Article en page(s) : P. 459-476 Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Conservation et restauration -- 20e siècle -- Évaluation Incrustation (arts décoratifs) -- Art du verre -- 16e siècle -- Conservation et restauration Sculpture polychrome -- Moldavie -- 16e siècle -- Conservation et restauration Stucs décoratifs -- Moldavie -- 16e siècle -- Conservation et restauration Index. décimale : 7.025 Dommages. Conservation. Protection Résumé : This article presents the results of the examination and restoration treatment of the stucco decoration of a lunette with the sculpture of Mars located in the Bučovice Château in southern Moravia. The sculptural decoration of the Château represents one of the pinnacles of Renaissance stucco art north of the Alps in the second half of the sixteenth century. A unique combination of materials and techniques was used in its creation. The figure of Mars is based on a re-purposed terracotta statue, finished with stucco, polychrome painting, gilding, and coloured glass inlays. The aim of the current restoration was to reduce an inconsiderate intervention from the 1950s and restore the original to an earlier historical form that corresponds to the artistic conception of the neighbouring statues and the rest of the decoration of the chamber. The restoration was based on an interdisciplinary analysis of the statue's original technique, material composition, and surface finishes, including gilding and glass inlays. A complex examination was undertaken as part of the larger project ‘Renaissance and Mannerist Stucco Art in Bohemia and Moravia.’ The intervention involved testing conservation methods, such as consolidating the ground layer, cleaning, removing overpaint and secondary gilding, and reintegrating missing terracotta parts and surface finishes. The choice of the method for retouching the gilded areas was of particular importance because it allowed the possibility to preserve the existing fragments of gilding and, at the same time, visually connect them as a whole. Note de contenu : Fig., tab. En ligne : https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00393630.2025.2450973 [article] Technical Study and Re-treatment of a Renaissance Statue of Mars Forming Part of the Decoration of the Bučovice Château in Southern Moravia [texte imprimé] / Peter Majoroš (19..-....), Auteur ; Jakub Ďoubal (1979-....), Auteur ; Renata Tišlová (1979-....), Auteur . - 2025 . - P. 459-476. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Studies in conservation > Vol.70 N°5-6(2025; July-August) (2025-07-01) . - P. 459-476 Catégories : Conservation et restauration -- 20e siècle -- Évaluation Incrustation (arts décoratifs) -- Art du verre -- 16e siècle -- Conservation et restauration Sculpture polychrome -- Moldavie -- 16e siècle -- Conservation et restauration Stucs décoratifs -- Moldavie -- 16e siècle -- Conservation et restauration Index. décimale : 7.025 Dommages. Conservation. Protection Résumé : This article presents the results of the examination and restoration treatment of the stucco decoration of a lunette with the sculpture of Mars located in the Bučovice Château in southern Moravia. The sculptural decoration of the Château represents one of the pinnacles of Renaissance stucco art north of the Alps in the second half of the sixteenth century. A unique combination of materials and techniques was used in its creation. The figure of Mars is based on a re-purposed terracotta statue, finished with stucco, polychrome painting, gilding, and coloured glass inlays. The aim of the current restoration was to reduce an inconsiderate intervention from the 1950s and restore the original to an earlier historical form that corresponds to the artistic conception of the neighbouring statues and the rest of the decoration of the chamber. The restoration was based on an interdisciplinary analysis of the statue's original technique, material composition, and surface finishes, including gilding and glass inlays. A complex examination was undertaken as part of the larger project ‘Renaissance and Mannerist Stucco Art in Bohemia and Moravia.’ The intervention involved testing conservation methods, such as consolidating the ground layer, cleaning, removing overpaint and secondary gilding, and reintegrating missing terracotta parts and surface finishes. The choice of the method for retouching the gilded areas was of particular importance because it allowed the possibility to preserve the existing fragments of gilding and, at the same time, visually connect them as a whole. Note de contenu : Fig., tab. En ligne : https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00393630.2025.2450973

Are Nature-based Solutions for Built Heritage Conservation Resilient to Climate Change? The Response of Grass-based Soft Caps in Britain and Ireland to Future Climate Scenarios / Jenny Richards in Studies in conservation, Vol.70 N°5-6(2025; July-August) (2025-07-01)

Public ISBD [article]  inStudies in conservation > Vol.70 N°5-6(2025; July-August) (2025-07-01) . - P. 477-488 Titre : Are Nature-based Solutions for Built Heritage Conservation Resilient to Climate Change? The Response of Grass-based Soft Caps in Britain and Ireland to Future Climate Scenarios Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Jenny Richards (19..-....), Auteur ; Martin Coombes (19..-....), Auteur ; [Et al.], Auteur Année de publication : 2025 Article en page(s) : P. 477-488 Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Éco-matériaux -- Effets des changements climatiques -- Recherche Monuments historiques -- Conservation et restauration -- Environnement Monuments historiques -- Conservation et restauration -- Recherche Mots-clés : Nature-based solutions (NbS) = Les solutions fondées sur la nature (SFN) Index. décimale : 7.025 Dommages. Conservation. Protection Résumé : Nature-based solutions (NbS) offer an exciting opportunity to work with nature to conserve heritage sites and objects. Soft capping is a novel form of NbS used commonly in Britain and Ireland to help conserve ruined and free-standing walls; soil and vegetation is placed on the wall head to help reduce deterioration by buffering thermal fluctuations and regulating moisture. While this conservation practice has proved cheaper and more effective at reducing deterioration than traditional hard capping, soft caps need to be resilient to future environmental changes. Previous research has shown that the sedum species commonly used in soft caps are vulnerable to climate change. Thus, following feedback from an interactive webinar with practicing heritage professionals, here we assess the climate resilience of four grass species commonly found in western Europe as possible soft-capping species: Festuca rubra (red fescue), Poa pratensis (smooth meadow-grass), Catapodium rigidum (fern-grass) and Poa annua (annual meadow-grass). We use species distribution modelling (Maxent) to assess the likelihood of species survival by mid and end century based on presence probabilities derived using three climate models (HadGEM3-GC31-LL, IPSL-CM6A-LR, and MIROC6). Results show that all four species are resilient under mid-century projections, and P. annua proved resilient under all scenarios. Therefore, using turf-based soft caps incorporating one or more of these grass species could enhance the future resilience of this conservation technique. Given the growing interest in the use of nature-based approaches to heritage conservation, our study represents an important attempt to account for and adapt to a changing climate. [article] Are Nature-based Solutions for Built Heritage Conservation Resilient to Climate Change? The Response of Grass-based Soft Caps in Britain and Ireland to Future Climate Scenarios [texte imprimé] / Jenny Richards (19..-....), Auteur ; Martin Coombes (19..-....), Auteur ; [Et al.], Auteur . - 2025 . - P. 477-488. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Studies in conservation > Vol.70 N°5-6(2025; July-August) (2025-07-01) . - P. 477-488 Catégories : Éco-matériaux -- Effets des changements climatiques -- Recherche Monuments historiques -- Conservation et restauration -- Environnement Monuments historiques -- Conservation et restauration -- Recherche Mots-clés : Nature-based solutions (NbS) = Les solutions fondées sur la nature (SFN) Index. décimale : 7.025 Dommages. Conservation. Protection Résumé : Nature-based solutions (NbS) offer an exciting opportunity to work with nature to conserve heritage sites and objects. Soft capping is a novel form of NbS used commonly in Britain and Ireland to help conserve ruined and free-standing walls; soil and vegetation is placed on the wall head to help reduce deterioration by buffering thermal fluctuations and regulating moisture. While this conservation practice has proved cheaper and more effective at reducing deterioration than traditional hard capping, soft caps need to be resilient to future environmental changes. Previous research has shown that the sedum species commonly used in soft caps are vulnerable to climate change. Thus, following feedback from an interactive webinar with practicing heritage professionals, here we assess the climate resilience of four grass species commonly found in western Europe as possible soft-capping species: Festuca rubra (red fescue), Poa pratensis (smooth meadow-grass), Catapodium rigidum (fern-grass) and Poa annua (annual meadow-grass). We use species distribution modelling (Maxent) to assess the likelihood of species survival by mid and end century based on presence probabilities derived using three climate models (HadGEM3-GC31-LL, IPSL-CM6A-LR, and MIROC6). Results show that all four species are resilient under mid-century projections, and P. annua proved resilient under all scenarios. Therefore, using turf-based soft caps incorporating one or more of these grass species could enhance the future resilience of this conservation technique. Given the growing interest in the use of nature-based approaches to heritage conservation, our study represents an important attempt to account for and adapt to a changing climate.

Conservation of Waterlogged Wooden Structures from the Late Bronze Age at İnönü Cave (Türkiye) / Hamza Ekmen in Studies in conservation, Vol.70 N°5-6(2025; July-August) (2025-07-01)  

Public ISBD [article]  inStudies in conservation > Vol.70 N°5-6(2025; July-August) (2025-07-01) . - P. 489-500 Titre : Conservation of Waterlogged Wooden Structures from the Late Bronze Age at İnönü Cave (Türkiye) Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Hamza Ekmen (19..-....), Auteur ; Turgay Arikan (19..-....), Auteur ; Burak Kader (19..-....), Auteur Année de publication : 2025 Article en page(s) : P. 489-500 Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Âge du bronze -- Turquie Bois d'œuvre -- Antiquité -- Identification Constructions en bois -- Turquie -- 2e millénaire av. J.-C. -- Conservation et restauration Grottes -- Turquie -- Archéologie Planchers en bois -- Effets de l'eau -- Archéologie Stratigraphie en archéologie Technique de la construction -- Antiquité -- Conservation et restauration Index. décimale : 7.025 Dommages. Conservation. Protection Résumé : During the excavations carried out in the İnönü Cave, located within the Western Black Sea region of Türkiye, four separate floor structures made of wood, dating back to the Late Bronze Age (1436-1123 Cal BCE), were unearthed. The way the corners of the structures are connected shows that the structures were built with the çantı or bell technique, a traditional nail-less wooden architectural form of the Black Sea region. Thanks to the wet and stable environmental conditions within the cave, the wooden floors have survived and are well preserved from the Late Bronze Age to the present day. This study presents the details of the conservation practices developed and deployed in order to ensure that the wooden floors are well protected and remain available for study in the short and medium term. Note de contenu : Fig., tab. En ligne : https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00393630.2024.2420573 [article] Conservation of Waterlogged Wooden Structures from the Late Bronze Age at İnönü Cave (Türkiye) [texte imprimé] / Hamza Ekmen (19..-....), Auteur ; Turgay Arikan (19..-....), Auteur ; Burak Kader (19..-....), Auteur . - 2025 . - P. 489-500. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Studies in conservation > Vol.70 N°5-6(2025; July-August) (2025-07-01) . - P. 489-500 Catégories : Âge du bronze -- Turquie Bois d'œuvre -- Antiquité -- Identification Constructions en bois -- Turquie -- 2e millénaire av. J.-C. -- Conservation et restauration Grottes -- Turquie -- Archéologie Planchers en bois -- Effets de l'eau -- Archéologie Stratigraphie en archéologie Technique de la construction -- Antiquité -- Conservation et restauration Index. décimale : 7.025 Dommages. Conservation. Protection Résumé : During the excavations carried out in the İnönü Cave, located within the Western Black Sea region of Türkiye, four separate floor structures made of wood, dating back to the Late Bronze Age (1436-1123 Cal BCE), were unearthed. The way the corners of the structures are connected shows that the structures were built with the çantı or bell technique, a traditional nail-less wooden architectural form of the Black Sea region. Thanks to the wet and stable environmental conditions within the cave, the wooden floors have survived and are well preserved from the Late Bronze Age to the present day. This study presents the details of the conservation practices developed and deployed in order to ensure that the wooden floors are well protected and remain available for study in the short and medium term. Note de contenu : Fig., tab. En ligne : https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00393630.2024.2420573

A Multi-Method Investigation of Ferruginous Concretions on Ceramics from Nan’ao No. I Shipwreck in Studies in conservation, Vol.70 N°5-6(2025; July-August) (2025-07-01)  

Public ISBD [article]  inStudies in conservation > Vol.70 N°5-6(2025; July-August) (2025-07-01) . - P. 501-517 Titre : A Multi-Method Investigation of Ferruginous Concretions on Ceramics from Nan’ao No. I Shipwreck Type de document : texte imprimé Année de publication : 2025 Article en page(s) : P. 501-517 Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Archéologie sous-marine -- Chine Céramique -- Chine -- 1368-1644 (Dynastie des Ming) -- Conservation et restauration Corrosion -- Analyse Fourier, Spectroscopie infrarouge à transformée de Microscopie Microscopie électronique à balayage Spectroscopie de fluorescence Spectroscopie infrarouge proche Spectroscopie Raman Index. décimale : 7.025:738 Conservation, restauration de céramique Résumé : ABSTRACT The Nan’ao No. I shipwreck, dating back to the Wanli period of China's Ming Dynasty (1573–1620 CE), was discovered in the South China Sea, from which a large number of ceramics was meticulously excavated. This study employs a comprehensive multi-method approach, encompassing techniques such as multispectral imaging, microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared reflectance (FTIR) spectroscopy, near-infrared reflectance (NIR) spectroscopy, and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis, to investigate the ferruginous concretions found on the ceramic sherds from the Nan’ao I shipwreck. The findings reveal that these concretions are predominantly distributed across defective areas of the ceramic surfaces, including pitted and cracked regions. The primary constituents of the concretions are identified as goethite, hematite, and lepidocrocite, with the varying proportions of these components potentially contributing to the differing colors of the concretions. Furthermore, iron sulfides may also play a significant role in the composition of the concretions. En ligne : https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00393630.2024.2422252 [article] A Multi-Method Investigation of Ferruginous Concretions on Ceramics from Nan’ao No. I Shipwreck [texte imprimé] . - 2025 . - P. 501-517. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Studies in conservation > Vol.70 N°5-6(2025; July-August) (2025-07-01) . - P. 501-517 Catégories : Archéologie sous-marine -- Chine Céramique -- Chine -- 1368-1644 (Dynastie des Ming) -- Conservation et restauration Corrosion -- Analyse Fourier, Spectroscopie infrarouge à transformée de Microscopie Microscopie électronique à balayage Spectroscopie de fluorescence Spectroscopie infrarouge proche Spectroscopie Raman Index. décimale : 7.025:738 Conservation, restauration de céramique Résumé : ABSTRACT The Nan’ao No. I shipwreck, dating back to the Wanli period of China's Ming Dynasty (1573–1620 CE), was discovered in the South China Sea, from which a large number of ceramics was meticulously excavated. This study employs a comprehensive multi-method approach, encompassing techniques such as multispectral imaging, microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared reflectance (FTIR) spectroscopy, near-infrared reflectance (NIR) spectroscopy, and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis, to investigate the ferruginous concretions found on the ceramic sherds from the Nan’ao I shipwreck. The findings reveal that these concretions are predominantly distributed across defective areas of the ceramic surfaces, including pitted and cracked regions. The primary constituents of the concretions are identified as goethite, hematite, and lepidocrocite, with the varying proportions of these components potentially contributing to the differing colors of the concretions. Furthermore, iron sulfides may also play a significant role in the composition of the concretions. En ligne : https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00393630.2024.2422252

Electrochemical Analysis of Chloride Impacts on Passivation of Archaeological Iron in Desalination Solutions in Studies in conservation, Vol.70 N°5-6(2025; July-August) (2025-07-01)  

Public ISBD [article]  inStudies in conservation > Vol.70 N°5-6(2025; July-August) (2025-07-01) . - P. 518-529 Titre : Electrochemical Analysis of Chloride Impacts on Passivation of Archaeological Iron in Desalination Solutions Type de document : texte imprimé Année de publication : 2025 Article en page(s) : P. 518-529 Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Analyse électrochimique Chlorures alcalins Corrosion -- Analyse Fer -- Antiquité -- Conservation et restauration Fer -- Teneur en sodium -- Mesure Microstructure (physique) Passivité (chimie) Index. décimale : 7.025 Dommages. Conservation. Protection Résumé : ABSTRACT Based on the passivation of iron in alkaline solutions, aqueous alkaline treatment has been taken as an effective desalination technique to increase the stability of archaeological iron. However, chlorides may destroy the passivation of iron artifacts, causing damage to the treated artifacts during desalination. In this study, electrochemical and microstructure analyses were carried out in alkaline solutions with known chloride content, using archaeological iron and pre-corroded iron coupons with varying chloride levels within the rust layer. The study revealed that alkalinity ensures passivation even in the presence of chloride within the rust layer. However, the passivation weakens as the concentration of ‘free’ chloride ions in the alkaline solution increases due to their migration from the rust layer, leading to active corrosion. A chloride threshold value (CTV) of 355 ppm in 0.1 mol/L NaOH solution was established as a chloride level for the replacement of the alkaline solution. The determination of CTV based on electrochemical measurements is intended to guide the timely replacement of the desalination solutions, thereby preventing chloride-induced iron corrosion during desalination treatments. En ligne : https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00393630.2024.2423970 [article] Electrochemical Analysis of Chloride Impacts on Passivation of Archaeological Iron in Desalination Solutions [texte imprimé] . - 2025 . - P. 518-529. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Studies in conservation > Vol.70 N°5-6(2025; July-August) (2025-07-01) . - P. 518-529 Catégories : Analyse électrochimique Chlorures alcalins Corrosion -- Analyse Fer -- Antiquité -- Conservation et restauration Fer -- Teneur en sodium -- Mesure Microstructure (physique) Passivité (chimie) Index. décimale : 7.025 Dommages. Conservation. Protection Résumé : ABSTRACT Based on the passivation of iron in alkaline solutions, aqueous alkaline treatment has been taken as an effective desalination technique to increase the stability of archaeological iron. However, chlorides may destroy the passivation of iron artifacts, causing damage to the treated artifacts during desalination. In this study, electrochemical and microstructure analyses were carried out in alkaline solutions with known chloride content, using archaeological iron and pre-corroded iron coupons with varying chloride levels within the rust layer. The study revealed that alkalinity ensures passivation even in the presence of chloride within the rust layer. However, the passivation weakens as the concentration of ‘free’ chloride ions in the alkaline solution increases due to their migration from the rust layer, leading to active corrosion. A chloride threshold value (CTV) of 355 ppm in 0.1 mol/L NaOH solution was established as a chloride level for the replacement of the alkaline solution. The determination of CTV based on electrochemical measurements is intended to guide the timely replacement of the desalination solutions, thereby preventing chloride-induced iron corrosion during desalination treatments. En ligne : https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00393630.2024.2423970

Phenotypic Trait of Painting Cracks in Studies in conservation, Vol.70 N°5-6(2025; July-August) (2025-07-01)  

Public ISBD [article]  inStudies in conservation > Vol.70 N°5-6(2025; July-August) (2025-07-01) . - P. 530-545 Titre : Phenotypic Trait of Painting Cracks Type de document : texte imprimé Année de publication : 2025 Article en page(s) : P. 530-545 Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Art -- Authentification Conservation et restauration -- Méthode comparative Fracturation (géologie) -- Méthode comparative Matériaux -- Fissuration -- Analyse Peinture sur toile -- Détérioration -- Recherche Peinture sur toile -- Provenance -- Analyse Similitude (physique) Mots-clés : Loi de puissance Index. décimale : 7.025 Dommages. Conservation. Protection Résumé : ABSTRACT A painting, like human skin, develops cracks on the surface as it dries and ages. The painting cracks, also known as craquelure, are often considered analogous to human fingerprints; these have been regarded as a unique signature reflective of the painting’s characteristics and are important in art authentication. Intriguingly, studies in other fields, such as geology, have observed the presence of distinctive characteristics in soil desiccation cracks. These cracks exhibit self-similarity, forming patterns that suggest broader geological processes at work. In light of this connection, the primary objective of this study is to investigate whether the painting cracks also exhibit a self-similar nature. By delving into this, we seek to shed light on the underlying properties of the painting cracks. This study also aims to investigate whether the characteristic self-similar trait of the cracks can serve as an identifier in relation to the provenances of the paintings. To this end, this study adopts the methodology originally designed to characterize the phenotypic traits of 3D particle geometries in granular materials research. This study develops a 2D equivalent concept, focusing on the phenotypic traits of the individual islands enclosed by cracks within paintings. The results successfully demonstrate that the phenotypic trait of painting cracks exhibits a self-similar nature, which can reveal characteristics associated with the provenances of paintings. The findings will offer valuable insights into the scientific examination of artworks based on painting cracks. En ligne : https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00393630.2024.2420574 [article] Phenotypic Trait of Painting Cracks [texte imprimé] . - 2025 . - P. 530-545. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Studies in conservation > Vol.70 N°5-6(2025; July-August) (2025-07-01) . - P. 530-545 Catégories : Art -- Authentification Conservation et restauration -- Méthode comparative Fracturation (géologie) -- Méthode comparative Matériaux -- Fissuration -- Analyse Peinture sur toile -- Détérioration -- Recherche Peinture sur toile -- Provenance -- Analyse Similitude (physique) Mots-clés : Loi de puissance Index. décimale : 7.025 Dommages. Conservation. Protection Résumé : ABSTRACT A painting, like human skin, develops cracks on the surface as it dries and ages. The painting cracks, also known as craquelure, are often considered analogous to human fingerprints; these have been regarded as a unique signature reflective of the painting’s characteristics and are important in art authentication. Intriguingly, studies in other fields, such as geology, have observed the presence of distinctive characteristics in soil desiccation cracks. These cracks exhibit self-similarity, forming patterns that suggest broader geological processes at work. In light of this connection, the primary objective of this study is to investigate whether the painting cracks also exhibit a self-similar nature. By delving into this, we seek to shed light on the underlying properties of the painting cracks. This study also aims to investigate whether the characteristic self-similar trait of the cracks can serve as an identifier in relation to the provenances of the paintings. To this end, this study adopts the methodology originally designed to characterize the phenotypic traits of 3D particle geometries in granular materials research. This study develops a 2D equivalent concept, focusing on the phenotypic traits of the individual islands enclosed by cracks within paintings. The results successfully demonstrate that the phenotypic trait of painting cracks exhibits a self-similar nature, which can reveal characteristics associated with the provenances of paintings. The findings will offer valuable insights into the scientific examination of artworks based on painting cracks. En ligne : https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00393630.2024.2420574

The Significance of the Citizens Theatre Paint Frames in Studies in conservation, Vol.70 N°5-6(2025; July-August) (2025-07-01)  

Public ISBD [article]  inStudies in conservation > Vol.70 N°5-6(2025; July-August) (2025-07-01) . - P. 546-566 Titre : The Significance of the Citizens Theatre Paint Frames Type de document : texte imprimé Année de publication : 2025 Article en page(s) : P. 546-566 Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Chromatographie Citizens' Theatre (Glasgow, GB) Fourier, Spectroscopie infrarouge à transformée de Microscopie électronique à balayage Peinture de décors de théâtre -- Glasgow (GB) -- 19e siècle -- Conservation et restauration Pigments -- Analyse Pigments -- Datation Recherche documentaire Spectroscopie des rayons X Index. décimale : 7.025 Dommages. Conservation. Protection Résumé : ABSTRACT A paint frame is the vertical structure on which a canvas is hung to allow a scenic artist to paint over a very large area. The Citizens Theatre paint frames are one of the few original working examples in Britain. Samples taken from these frames are made up of multiple layers of paint which have accreted over 100 years as paint flicked off brushes, rollers, and latterly spray guns while the cloths were being painted. Cross-section microscopy, micro-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (μ-FTIR) mapping and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) were used to characterise these layers. Using the results in combination with archival research into scenic art suppliers/manufacturers, newspaper reviews of theatrical performances, and oral histories of scenic artists it has been possible for the first time to relate change in pigments and media within the paint layers with trends in scenic painting practice. This is one aim of ongoing research into the history of British scenic art (https://powertotransform.gla.ac.uk/) connecting the material history of the paint frame, theatrical cloths, and the lives of the scenic painters. En ligne : https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00393630.2024.2423592 [article] The Significance of the Citizens Theatre Paint Frames [texte imprimé] . - 2025 . - P. 546-566. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Studies in conservation > Vol.70 N°5-6(2025; July-August) (2025-07-01) . - P. 546-566 Catégories : Chromatographie Citizens' Theatre (Glasgow, GB) Fourier, Spectroscopie infrarouge à transformée de Microscopie électronique à balayage Peinture de décors de théâtre -- Glasgow (GB) -- 19e siècle -- Conservation et restauration Pigments -- Analyse Pigments -- Datation Recherche documentaire Spectroscopie des rayons X Index. décimale : 7.025 Dommages. Conservation. Protection Résumé : ABSTRACT A paint frame is the vertical structure on which a canvas is hung to allow a scenic artist to paint over a very large area. The Citizens Theatre paint frames are one of the few original working examples in Britain. Samples taken from these frames are made up of multiple layers of paint which have accreted over 100 years as paint flicked off brushes, rollers, and latterly spray guns while the cloths were being painted. Cross-section microscopy, micro-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (μ-FTIR) mapping and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) were used to characterise these layers. Using the results in combination with archival research into scenic art suppliers/manufacturers, newspaper reviews of theatrical performances, and oral histories of scenic artists it has been possible for the first time to relate change in pigments and media within the paint layers with trends in scenic painting practice. This is one aim of ongoing research into the history of British scenic art (https://powertotransform.gla.ac.uk/) connecting the material history of the paint frame, theatrical cloths, and the lives of the scenic painters. En ligne : https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00393630.2024.2423592

Causes of Silver Mirroring and Yellowing on a Nineteenth-century Photographic Gelatin Glass Plate Negative in Studies in conservation, Vol.70 N°5-6(2025; July-August) (2025-07-01)

Public ISBD [article]  inStudies in conservation > Vol.70 N°5-6(2025; July-August) (2025-07-01) . - P. 567-575 Titre : Causes of Silver Mirroring and Yellowing on a Nineteenth-century Photographic Gelatin Glass Plate Negative Type de document : texte imprimé Année de publication : 2025 Article en page(s) : P. 567-575 Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Fourier, Spectroscopie infrarouge à transformée de Microscopie électronique à balayage Négatifs sur verre -- Déterioration -- Recherche Négatifs sur verre -- Emballages -- Analyse Négatifs sur verre -- Iran -- 19e siècle -- Conservation et restauration Polymères Procédé au gélatinobromure d'argent Spectroscopie des rayons X Uréthane Index. décimale : 7.025 Dommages. Conservation. Protection Résumé : ABSTRACT Glass plate negatives were used to produce photographs during the Qajar era (from 1789 to 1925). It is the oldest photographic method to become popular in Iran. Considering the historical and artistic value and vulnerability of these kinds of negatives, their preventive conservation is vital. Silver mirroring and yellowing are the most common and serious forms of damage on historical silver gelatin photographic glass plate negatives. These damages typically appear under varying conditions and in conjunction with different materials. This study aimed to aid the identification of possible sources and causes of the yellowing and mirroring damage on glass plate negatives through investigating in depth the damage on a sample historic glass plate negative of the Qajar era. The emulsion and a foam used in packaging of the object were thoroughly analyzed. Results are presented based on FTIR and FE-SEM-EDX analysis as well as precise visual assessments of the object. It was confirmed that the emulsion used was gelatin. At the same time, the foam used as a cushion next to the object was identified as polyurethane. Finally, the main cause of both silver mirroring and yellowing damage in the investigated object was found to be the polyurethane foam used in the packaging, which should not be used in such cases in the future under any circumstance. [article] Causes of Silver Mirroring and Yellowing on a Nineteenth-century Photographic Gelatin Glass Plate Negative [texte imprimé] . - 2025 . - P. 567-575. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Studies in conservation > Vol.70 N°5-6(2025; July-August) (2025-07-01) . - P. 567-575 Catégories : Fourier, Spectroscopie infrarouge à transformée de Microscopie électronique à balayage Négatifs sur verre -- Déterioration -- Recherche Négatifs sur verre -- Emballages -- Analyse Négatifs sur verre -- Iran -- 19e siècle -- Conservation et restauration Polymères Procédé au gélatinobromure d'argent Spectroscopie des rayons X Uréthane Index. décimale : 7.025 Dommages. Conservation. Protection Résumé : ABSTRACT Glass plate negatives were used to produce photographs during the Qajar era (from 1789 to 1925). It is the oldest photographic method to become popular in Iran. Considering the historical and artistic value and vulnerability of these kinds of negatives, their preventive conservation is vital. Silver mirroring and yellowing are the most common and serious forms of damage on historical silver gelatin photographic glass plate negatives. These damages typically appear under varying conditions and in conjunction with different materials. This study aimed to aid the identification of possible sources and causes of the yellowing and mirroring damage on glass plate negatives through investigating in depth the damage on a sample historic glass plate negative of the Qajar era. The emulsion and a foam used in packaging of the object were thoroughly analyzed. Results are presented based on FTIR and FE-SEM-EDX analysis as well as precise visual assessments of the object. It was confirmed that the emulsion used was gelatin. At the same time, the foam used as a cushion next to the object was identified as polyurethane. Finally, the main cause of both silver mirroring and yellowing damage in the investigated object was found to be the polyurethane foam used in the packaging, which should not be used in such cases in the future under any circumstance.