A Case of Identity : A Technical Study of Victorian Wallpapers in Studies in conservation, Vol.70 N°7-8(2025; October-November) (2025-10-01)  

Public ISBD [article]  inStudies in conservation > Vol.70 N°7-8(2025; October-November) (2025-10-01) . - P. 579-590 Titre : A Case of Identity : A Technical Study of Victorian Wallpapers Type de document : texte imprimé Année de publication : 2025 Article en page(s) : P. 579-590 Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Arsenic -- Toxicologie Microscopie électronique à balayage Papier peint -- Grande-Bretagne -- 19e siècle -- Conservation et restauration Peinture (produit chimique) -- Constituants Pigments -- Toxicologie Spectroscopie des rayons X Spectroscopie Raman Vert de Paris Index. décimale : 7.025 Dommages. Conservation. Protection Résumé : Public perception of arsenic in nineteenth-century Britain encompassed a variety of things: criminal poison, useful medicine, and a raw material for manufacturing an array of goods. During this era, Henry Carr tested wallpaper and fabric samples sent in by private individuals and manufacturers, as part of an early effort in gathering scientific data to inform and protect consumers against chronic arsenic poisoning. In 2022, eight wallpaper samples that Carr had tested were acquired by Winterthur Library. These samples were analyzed by polarized light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence, and Raman spectroscopy to identify the presence of arsenic. Of the eight wallpaper swatches, seven suggested trace-to-elevated levels of both arsenic and copper. Two swatches were confirmed as having the arsenical pigment emerald green (copper acetoarsenite) specifically. Research into these wallpaper samples furthers the legacy of knowledge gathering and sharing in order to protect everyday users by contributing to toxicology research in library and archives materials. En ligne : https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00393630.2024.2443713 [article] A Case of Identity : A Technical Study of Victorian Wallpapers [texte imprimé] . - 2025 . - P. 579-590. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Studies in conservation > Vol.70 N°7-8(2025; October-November) (2025-10-01) . - P. 579-590 Catégories : Arsenic -- Toxicologie Microscopie électronique à balayage Papier peint -- Grande-Bretagne -- 19e siècle -- Conservation et restauration Peinture (produit chimique) -- Constituants Pigments -- Toxicologie Spectroscopie des rayons X Spectroscopie Raman Vert de Paris Index. décimale : 7.025 Dommages. Conservation. Protection Résumé : Public perception of arsenic in nineteenth-century Britain encompassed a variety of things: criminal poison, useful medicine, and a raw material for manufacturing an array of goods. During this era, Henry Carr tested wallpaper and fabric samples sent in by private individuals and manufacturers, as part of an early effort in gathering scientific data to inform and protect consumers against chronic arsenic poisoning. In 2022, eight wallpaper samples that Carr had tested were acquired by Winterthur Library. These samples were analyzed by polarized light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence, and Raman spectroscopy to identify the presence of arsenic. Of the eight wallpaper swatches, seven suggested trace-to-elevated levels of both arsenic and copper. Two swatches were confirmed as having the arsenical pigment emerald green (copper acetoarsenite) specifically. Research into these wallpaper samples furthers the legacy of knowledge gathering and sharing in order to protect everyday users by contributing to toxicology research in library and archives materials. En ligne : https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00393630.2024.2443713

Color Under Siege: Material Analysis and Housing of Late Nineteenth-Century Posters from the Siege and Commune of Paris / Jess Ortegon in Studies in conservation, Vol.70 N°7-8(2025; October-November) (2025-10-01)  

Public ISBD [article]  inStudies in conservation > Vol.70 N°7-8(2025; October-November) (2025-10-01) . - P. 620-630 Titre : Color Under Siege: Material Analysis and Housing of Late Nineteenth-Century Posters from the Siege and Commune of Paris Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Jess Ortegon (19..-....), Auteur Année de publication : 2025 Article en page(s) : P. 620-630 Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Affiches politiques -- France -- 19e siècle -- Conservation et restauration Métaux lourds -- Toxicologie Microscopie Microscopie de polarisation Paris (France) -- 1871 (Commune) -- Affiches -- Conservation et restauration Pigments -- Toxicologie Spectroscopie de fluorescence Spectroscopie Raman Index. décimale : 7.025 Dommages. Conservation. Protection Résumé : The Charles Deering McCormick Library of Special Collections at Northwestern University Libraries holds a significant collection of original materials on the Siege and Commune of Paris (ca. 1870-1871) including over 1,000 printed posters. 262 of these posters were printed on colored papers, which present unique material challenges for their preservation. By the 1860s, synthetic dyes and pigments nearly replaced natural colorants historically used in paper production as they were thought to be vastly superior in vibrancy and ease of use. Some synthetic pigments used in the late nineteenth century contain heavy metals such as lead, chromium, and mercury, adding health and safety concerns to treatment and housing considerations. Twenty-eight colored posters from the collection were examined using optical microscopy and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) to investigate their elemental profiles, while five of the 28 posters underwent further examination using polarized light microscopy (PLM) and Raman spectroscopy to identify suspected heavy metal pigments. XRF confirmed the elemental presence of lead and chromium in orange, yellow, green, and peach posters, and Raman analysis identified the pigment chrome yellow in the yellow and green posters. The results obtained were used to inform treatment and housing protocols alongside established institutional guidelines to reduce health and safety risks and address physical condition issues. En ligne : https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00393630.2025.2460409#abstract [article] Color Under Siege: Material Analysis and Housing of Late Nineteenth-Century Posters from the Siege and Commune of Paris [texte imprimé] / Jess Ortegon (19..-....), Auteur . - 2025 . - P. 620-630. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Studies in conservation > Vol.70 N°7-8(2025; October-November) (2025-10-01) . - P. 620-630 Catégories : Affiches politiques -- France -- 19e siècle -- Conservation et restauration Métaux lourds -- Toxicologie Microscopie Microscopie de polarisation Paris (France) -- 1871 (Commune) -- Affiches -- Conservation et restauration Pigments -- Toxicologie Spectroscopie de fluorescence Spectroscopie Raman Index. décimale : 7.025 Dommages. Conservation. Protection Résumé : The Charles Deering McCormick Library of Special Collections at Northwestern University Libraries holds a significant collection of original materials on the Siege and Commune of Paris (ca. 1870-1871) including over 1,000 printed posters. 262 of these posters were printed on colored papers, which present unique material challenges for their preservation. By the 1860s, synthetic dyes and pigments nearly replaced natural colorants historically used in paper production as they were thought to be vastly superior in vibrancy and ease of use. Some synthetic pigments used in the late nineteenth century contain heavy metals such as lead, chromium, and mercury, adding health and safety concerns to treatment and housing considerations. Twenty-eight colored posters from the collection were examined using optical microscopy and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) to investigate their elemental profiles, while five of the 28 posters underwent further examination using polarized light microscopy (PLM) and Raman spectroscopy to identify suspected heavy metal pigments. XRF confirmed the elemental presence of lead and chromium in orange, yellow, green, and peach posters, and Raman analysis identified the pigment chrome yellow in the yellow and green posters. The results obtained were used to inform treatment and housing protocols alongside established institutional guidelines to reduce health and safety risks and address physical condition issues. En ligne : https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00393630.2025.2460409#abstract

Handling ‘Poison Books’: Dry Versus Wet Scenarios in Studies in conservation, Vol.70 N°7-8(2025; October-November) (2025-10-01)

Public ISBD [article]  inStudies in conservation > Vol.70 N°7-8(2025; October-November) (2025-10-01) . - P. 694-701 Titre : Handling ‘Poison Books’: Dry Versus Wet Scenarios Type de document : texte imprimé Année de publication : 2025 Article en page(s) : P. 694-701 Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Arsenic -- Toxicologie -- Effets des inondations Conservation et restauration -- Méthodologie -- 21e siècle Métaux lourds -- Toxicologie Pigments -- Analyse Pigments -- Toxicologie Reliure -- Matériaux -- Toxicologie -- 19e siècle -- Études de cas Index. décimale : 7.025 Dommages. Conservation. Protection Résumé : Toxic heavy metal pigments are known to be found in nineteenth-century, mass-produced, Euro-American bookbindings. A lack of data, standards, and regulations for exposure to heavy metal pigments in the cultural heritage sector limits understanding of when such bookbindings might present the greatest health and safety risk and how best to assess such risk. This case study measures the friability of arsenic, chromium, and lead based pigments in a sampling of nineteenth-century bookbindings through three scenarios: first, in their naturally aged, intact state; second, during a water event simulation; and third, after salvage and air-drying from the water disaster simulation. The data demonstrate that the risk of exposure to these heavy metals increases during and after a water event, with exposure to arsenic presenting the highest degree of risk. [article] Handling ‘Poison Books’: Dry Versus Wet Scenarios [texte imprimé] . - 2025 . - P. 694-701. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Studies in conservation > Vol.70 N°7-8(2025; October-November) (2025-10-01) . - P. 694-701 Catégories : Arsenic -- Toxicologie -- Effets des inondations Conservation et restauration -- Méthodologie -- 21e siècle Métaux lourds -- Toxicologie Pigments -- Analyse Pigments -- Toxicologie Reliure -- Matériaux -- Toxicologie -- 19e siècle -- Études de cas Index. décimale : 7.025 Dommages. Conservation. Protection Résumé : Toxic heavy metal pigments are known to be found in nineteenth-century, mass-produced, Euro-American bookbindings. A lack of data, standards, and regulations for exposure to heavy metal pigments in the cultural heritage sector limits understanding of when such bookbindings might present the greatest health and safety risk and how best to assess such risk. This case study measures the friability of arsenic, chromium, and lead based pigments in a sampling of nineteenth-century bookbindings through three scenarios: first, in their naturally aged, intact state; second, during a water event simulation; and third, after salvage and air-drying from the water disaster simulation. The data demonstrate that the risk of exposure to these heavy metals increases during and after a water event, with exposure to arsenic presenting the highest degree of risk.

Hazardous Hues : Identification of Arsenic Present in a Range of Colours Found on Historic Archival Material in the Collection of Parks Canada / Timothy Greening in Studies in conservation, Vol.70 N°7-8(2025; October-November) (2025-10-01)  

Public ISBD [article]  inStudies in conservation > Vol.70 N°7-8(2025; October-November) (2025-10-01) . - P. 640-646 Titre : Hazardous Hues : Identification of Arsenic Present in a Range of Colours Found on Historic Archival Material in the Collection of Parks Canada Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Timothy Greening (19..-....), Auteur Année de publication : 2025 Article en page(s) : P. 640-646 Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Archives -- Conservation et restauration -- Canada Arsenic -- Toxicologie Colorants synthétiques -- Toxicologie Pigments -- Identification Pigments -- Toxicologie Spectroscopie de fluorescence Spectroscopie des rayons X Index. décimale : 7.025 Dommages. Conservation. Protection Résumé : Since late 2019, Parks Canada has been active in the identification of hazardous materials in the collection under the care of the Indigenous Affairs and Cultural Heritage Directorate, using non-destructive XRF analysis. This method of analysis can detect elements of concern including lead, mercury, cadmium, and arsenic. In the case of arsenic, selected case studies show that arsenic is found in more places than initially expected. This paper outlines the XRF analysis of collections materials expected to be found in library and archives, and discusses the visual identification of arsenic, based on the colour of the material. Arsenic yellows (orpiment and/or realgar) were not positively identified in this survey, nor was cobalt violet (cobalt arsenate). A copper-arsenic green, likely emerald green, was occasionally detected. In addition, both a green ink distinct from typical arsenical greens, and dark reds were shown to contain varying levels of arsenic on paper artefacts during this survey. This paper posits the use of early synthetic organic pigments as an explanation for the presence of arsenic in the artefacts under investigation. Historical research indicates that aside from the colours green and yellow, arsenic can also be found in materials in the red and mauve colour families, from arsenic used in the synthesis of aniline dyes. En ligne : https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00393630.2025.2465954 [article] Hazardous Hues : Identification of Arsenic Present in a Range of Colours Found on Historic Archival Material in the Collection of Parks Canada [texte imprimé] / Timothy Greening (19..-....), Auteur . - 2025 . - P. 640-646. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Studies in conservation > Vol.70 N°7-8(2025; October-November) (2025-10-01) . - P. 640-646 Catégories : Archives -- Conservation et restauration -- Canada Arsenic -- Toxicologie Colorants synthétiques -- Toxicologie Pigments -- Identification Pigments -- Toxicologie Spectroscopie de fluorescence Spectroscopie des rayons X Index. décimale : 7.025 Dommages. Conservation. Protection Résumé : Since late 2019, Parks Canada has been active in the identification of hazardous materials in the collection under the care of the Indigenous Affairs and Cultural Heritage Directorate, using non-destructive XRF analysis. This method of analysis can detect elements of concern including lead, mercury, cadmium, and arsenic. In the case of arsenic, selected case studies show that arsenic is found in more places than initially expected. This paper outlines the XRF analysis of collections materials expected to be found in library and archives, and discusses the visual identification of arsenic, based on the colour of the material. Arsenic yellows (orpiment and/or realgar) were not positively identified in this survey, nor was cobalt violet (cobalt arsenate). A copper-arsenic green, likely emerald green, was occasionally detected. In addition, both a green ink distinct from typical arsenical greens, and dark reds were shown to contain varying levels of arsenic on paper artefacts during this survey. This paper posits the use of early synthetic organic pigments as an explanation for the presence of arsenic in the artefacts under investigation. Historical research indicates that aside from the colours green and yellow, arsenic can also be found in materials in the red and mauve colour families, from arsenic used in the synthesis of aniline dyes. En ligne : https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00393630.2025.2465954

It’s Not Easy Being Green – The Challenge of Having Poisonous Arsenic Containing Books in a National Library Collection in Studies in conservation, Vol.70 N°7-8(2025; October-November) (2025-10-01)

Public ISBD [article]  inStudies in conservation > Vol.70 N°7-8(2025; October-November) (2025-10-01) . - P. 702-713 Titre : It’s Not Easy Being Green – The Challenge of Having Poisonous Arsenic Containing Books in a National Library Collection Type de document : texte imprimé Année de publication : 2025 Article en page(s) : P. 702-713 Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Archives -- Matériaux -- Toxicologie -- Identification Arsenic -- Toxicologie Documentation de bibliothèque -- Conservation et restauration -- Toxicologie Koninklijke bibliotheek (Pays-Bas) -- Fonds spéciaux -- Livres rares -- Conservation et restauration Pigments -- Toxicologie Index. décimale : 7.025 Dommages. Conservation. Protection Résumé : Poisonous books in library collections with public access pose a specific challenge due to the fact that library staff and readers handle collection items intensely. This article describes the quest of the KB National Library of the Netherlands in how to deal specifically with arsenic used in colorants for library materials. It addresses the challenges of not knowing which collection items contain poisonous arsenic components, whether or not their presence constitutes a health risk, as well as dealing with official hygiene laws and regulations in handling arsenic. It describes two lines of research carried out by the library: one addressing the potential exposure to arsenic when handling these items and the other identifying arsenic containing items in the collections. The overall results of the exposure research do not show a direct link between increased arsenic levels found in the biomonitoring study and the work environment (at this specific library, at the time of testing). However, arsenic was found on work surfaces and tools used while handling arsenic containing objects. Legal health and safety regulations stipulate strict hygiene measures, which at first glance appear somewhat paradoxical to the outcome of the exposure study. Libraries have the duty to implement hygiene measures to ensure safe handling of these materials by staff and readers. The article describes the quest of the KB National Library of the Netherlands in dealing with books containing arsenic and will discuss the specific challenge and possible opportunity of the upcoming relocation of the entire collection to a new external robotized storage facility. [article] It’s Not Easy Being Green – The Challenge of Having Poisonous Arsenic Containing Books in a National Library Collection [texte imprimé] . - 2025 . - P. 702-713. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Studies in conservation > Vol.70 N°7-8(2025; October-November) (2025-10-01) . - P. 702-713 Catégories : Archives -- Matériaux -- Toxicologie -- Identification Arsenic -- Toxicologie Documentation de bibliothèque -- Conservation et restauration -- Toxicologie Koninklijke bibliotheek (Pays-Bas) -- Fonds spéciaux -- Livres rares -- Conservation et restauration Pigments -- Toxicologie Index. décimale : 7.025 Dommages. Conservation. Protection Résumé : Poisonous books in library collections with public access pose a specific challenge due to the fact that library staff and readers handle collection items intensely. This article describes the quest of the KB National Library of the Netherlands in how to deal specifically with arsenic used in colorants for library materials. It addresses the challenges of not knowing which collection items contain poisonous arsenic components, whether or not their presence constitutes a health risk, as well as dealing with official hygiene laws and regulations in handling arsenic. It describes two lines of research carried out by the library: one addressing the potential exposure to arsenic when handling these items and the other identifying arsenic containing items in the collections. The overall results of the exposure research do not show a direct link between increased arsenic levels found in the biomonitoring study and the work environment (at this specific library, at the time of testing). However, arsenic was found on work surfaces and tools used while handling arsenic containing objects. Legal health and safety regulations stipulate strict hygiene measures, which at first glance appear somewhat paradoxical to the outcome of the exposure study. Libraries have the duty to implement hygiene measures to ensure safe handling of these materials by staff and readers. The article describes the quest of the KB National Library of the Netherlands in dealing with books containing arsenic and will discuss the specific challenge and possible opportunity of the upcoming relocation of the entire collection to a new external robotized storage facility.

Orpiment on Seventeenth-Century Blue-Coloured Textblock Edges / Mitchel Gundrum in Studies in conservation, Vol.70 N°7-8(2025; October-November) (2025-10-01)

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Risk-based Decision-making Informed by Analysis of an Early Nineteenth-century Manuscript Containing Smalt in Studies in conservation, Vol.70 N°7-8(2025; October-November) (2025-10-01)  

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Showing our Metal: Identifying and Managing Hazardous Substances in Book Covers in the Museums Victoria Library in Studies in conservation, Vol.70 N°7-8(2025; October-November) (2025-10-01)

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Vol.70 N°7-8(2025; October-November) - 2025-10-01 - Special Issue : Bibliotoxicology : Hazard Identification. Special Issue : Bibliotoxicology : Case Studies (Bulletin de Studies in conservation)    

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Toxic Tales: Arsenic’s Legacy in Nineteenth-century Green Book Bindings at Northwestern University Libraries in Studies in conservation, Vol.70 N°7-8(2025; October-November) (2025-10-01)  

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